Научный архив: статьи

Thecamoeba onigiri n. sp. (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Thecamoebida) was isolated from a moss sample collected in the surroundings of Lake Baikal (Russia). The amoebae of this species belong to the striate morphotype and have a single rounded nucleus. The nucleolar material of T. onigiri can be organized in different ways depending on the age of the culture. The most common was a nucleus with a nearly spherical eccentric nucleolus, sometimes located very close to the nuclear envelope. The surface of such a nucleolus was rough and uneven. This type of nucleolar organization was observed in one- to two-week-old cultures. In contrast, a centrally located rounded nucleolus with smooth surface predominated in three- to four-week-old cultures. This type of the nucleolus corresponds to the classical “vesicular” nucleus and is similar to that found in amoebae of “T. quadrilineata species group”, but differs in having lacunae that are more peripheral. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene sequences showed that T. onigiri forms a clade with T. astrologa as part of a larger group that also includes the “T. quadrilineata species group” and T. aesculea. Meanwhile, two species of Thecamoeba demonstrate polymorphism of the nucleolar material arrangement, and both these species are phylogenetically close.

Представления о колдовстве в той или иной форме характерны практически для всех человеческих обществ и зачастую неотделимы от представлений религиозных, по крайней мере от того комплекса идей, представлений и практик, который обычно обозначают как народную религию, folk religion. Специфика народной религиозности на территории нынешних Южных штатов США в колониальный период остается относительно малоизученной, в первую очередь вследствие недостатка источников. Тем не менее до определенной степени она может быть реконструирована благодаря доступным сегодня материалам, собранным и обработанным интересующимися локальной историей представителями местных элит. Настоящая статья посвящена народному колдовству и «низовой» религиозности в графстве Йорк, Южная Каролина, в XVIII–XIX вв. В статье рассматриваются локальные особенности, отличающие народную культуру Южных колоний, в частности Каролины, и от Европы, и от других английских колоний, эволюция народной религиозности в колониальный период и в первые десятилетия после обретения США независимости, а также ее влияние на формирование специфической южной религиозности.

The article aims at identifying theoretical and practical reasons for the failure of the agricultural cooperation development in Russia. Authors suggest that rural cooperatives in Russia do not develop due to the general features of the formation of social capital in the Russian countryside, the lack of necessary institutional conditions, and the wrong idea that cooperatives based on the classical principles of cooperation can operate successfully in the contemporary economy and society. The first theoretical barrier to cooperation is that in the contemporary high-technology agriculture, hybrid structures (cooperatives) are less efficient than the hierarchical one used by agroholdings. The second theoretical barrier is the inconsistency of seven classical principles of cooperation formulated at the time of Raiffeisen (i. e. outdated) with today’s economic realities and their transformations. The third practical barrier is the rapid degradation of rural areas and the low level of trust and interaction between members of agricultural cooperatives, which is why there are no trends of the bottom-up development of cooperation. The authors conclude that a high level of social capital is the necessary condition for cooperation: at the formation stage, this level is high due to interpersonal relationships developed from the informal social interactions of its members and a high level of trust among members and between members and management, but cooperatives start to lose their social capital as they enlarge - the sense of community, trust and mutual assistance disappears, the atmosphere becomes more business-oriented.

Данная статья посвящена изучению возможностей функционала и инструментария мессенджера Telegram для публикации контента, увеличения аудитории интернет-СМИ и возможности использования чат-ботов для удобного и оперативного взаимодействия с читателями. Предметом данного исследования является Telegram канал регионального интернет-издания Bel. ru. - лидера рейтинга самых цитируемых СМИ Белгородской области за 2023 год по данным исследования Медиалогии. Объектом данного исследования является современное медиапространство. В ходе анализа были изучены 549 публикаций на канале Bel. ru. В статье автор уделяет особое внимание используемым форматам публикаций, их количеству, а также рассматривает особенности алгоритма публикации сообщения в мессенджерах и в социальных сетях, которые имеют существенные отличия. Автор обращает внимание на быстрые темпы роста популярности Telegram и выдвигает предположение о дальнейшей интеграции интернет-СМИ с мессенджером. В данной работе используются следующие методы анализа: метод анализа контента, метод описания, структурно-типологический метод. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть полезны редакциям интернет-изданий, планирующим создание канала в мессенджере Telegram или уже имеющим такой канал. Проведенный анализ позволяет сделать вывод о том, что современное интернет-издание использует множество доступных инструментов для создания разнообразного контента, взаимодействия с аудиторией и увеличения ее охвата. В свою очередь, мессенджер Telegram отвечает требованиям интернет-изданий, в частности, предлагая широкий выбор форматов публикаций и возможностью настройки чат-ботов. Автор исследования приходит к выводу, что редакции интернет-изданий, стремящиеся расширить свою аудиторию, могут использовать возможности мессенджера для увеличения присутствия в информационном пространстве, а также увеличения охватов публикаций и дополнительной монетизации.

A poetic gift is not a guarantee of a steady income and often cannot feed a poet. A poet, especially a beginner, has to combine poetic creativity with other occupations, sometimes having nothing to do with literature. Poets are not neglected and trade. The question of whether a poet and a merchant can coexist in one person does not have an unequivocal answer. Everything depends on the personality of the person, on the concrete-historical conditions, on the circumstances in which the poet lives and creates. Within the framework of this article we will consider the question of how the trade activity influenced the life of two Voronezh poets of the first half of the XIX century - Alexei Vasilievich Koltsov (1809 - 1842) and Ivan Savvich Nikitin (1824 - 1861).

The article examines the historical context and main provisions of the Cultural Agreement between India and Japan, concluded in 1957. The study attempts to consider the agreement as an independent historical source, an example of Eastern methods of “soft power” used to strengthen the position of one’s country. The author concludes that the agreement was necessary to strengthen foreign policy ties in the region, it provided benefits to each of the parties, and laid the foundation for further cooperation.

This article is about how Euroscepticism has developed in modern Hungary. After the communist regime fell in Hungary, one of the new government’s top foreign policy priorities was to “reunite” Hungary with the rest of Europe. European integration was associated with modernization, the spread of Western values, and the establishment of a high standard of living in the country with European salaries and a stable economy. There was a unique consensus among the Hungarian political elite on the need for the country to join the European Union. However, after Hungary joined the European Union in 2004, the proportion of Hungarian citizens with a negative attitude towards the EU increased sharply. The reasons for the emergence of Euroscepticism in Hungary can be divided into pragmatic and ideological ones. After joining the EU, when economic expectations were not met, the disappointment of Hungarian citizens increased significantly. The 2008 economic crisis, which hit the Hungarian economy hard, also played a key role in the development of Euroscepticism. The EU’s ineffective crisis management provided fertile ground for the growth in popularity of Eurosceptics. Hungarian Eurosceptics oppose the EU because they are convinced that it threatens the country’s independence and pushes it towards “colonial” status.

The article deals with the specificity of Russia’s cultural and historical patrimony, which begins with a deep study of its Orthodox tradition. When we talk about the Orthodox culture of Russia, we mean not only the past, but also its modern state. The culture of modern Russia includes not only museum exhibits, vast book collections, and impressive architectural structures. Modern Russian culture is reflected in the language, observance of traditions, education system, respect for the older generation, priority of family values, patriotism and respect for other cultures and peoples.

Drawing on students’ views, this article examines the impact of educational strategies and techniques used in distance learning on the development of various motivations for learning, including the desire for interaction, professional growth, exploring new areas, achieving success, connecting with others, creative fulfillment, and avoiding failure.

During the archaeographical fieldwork in August 2024 in the village of Bezhta (Republic of Dagestan), the collection of the Dagestani scholar, the naib of the Caucasian Imamate Sultanmuhammad al-Bezhti, was explored, described and digitized. Sultanmuhammad al-Bezhti, also known as Sultan-dibir, was a founder of an entire dynasty of scholars and public and political figures (among them are his sons, Kebedmuhammad and Abdulmazhid). The collection consists of classical works by Arab-Muslim authors, which were available in every Dagestan private manuscript library. However, each of these manuscripts contains a lot of important and valuable information that expands our understanding of the history and culture of this region. These include numerous glosses found in the margins, between the lines, on the flyleaf, and on the first and last pages of the manuscripts. The last page of the manuscript turns into a family chronicle, which fixes important events from the lives of relatives. Most often, copiists or manuscript owners preferred to leave such notes on the colophon page.

This article examines the first volume of Roshia Ibun 魯西亜異聞 [Unusual Narrative about Russia], a unique handwritten manuscript which depicts the story of a Japanese guard, Torizō. He was one of four Japanese guards who spent the winter of 1806 on the Sakhalin island monitoring the situation at Kushunkotan settlement. Lieutenant Nikolai Aleksandrovich Khvostov visited this settlement during his first expedition to Sakhalin in 1806. In his logbook he gave it an interesting name “Lyubopytstvo”, which can be translated into English as “Curiosity”. Curiously enough, this was the place where Khvostov and the four Japanese guards met for the first time. It is considered to be the first military clash between the countries and a turning point of Russian-Japanese relations, since Russia subsequently began to be perceived as a dangerous enemy. The first volume of the source gives especially valuable information about these events. It provides a detailed description of the voyage of the four Japanese captives to Kamchatka on board of a Russian ship, contains important information about the events during the second expedition of Khvostov and Davidov to Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1807 and relates the trip of the four Japanese guards back to Japan. The first volume of Roshia Ibun, which has never been translated into Russian nor published yet, gives us answers to the following questions. Who was the guard Torizō? How did he perceive the meeting with the Russians in 1806? Were there any official messages or demands from Russian officers? How did Torizō manage to get back to Japan and did he have a chance to share his story with anyone else along the way?

The article traces the formation and development of the Northern Studies Collection at the Hokkaido University Library, the largest collection of Japanese written sources on the history of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the 17th–19th cc. in Japan and beyond. This region was involved in trade relations with Japanese merchants under the control of the Matsumae clan, and later was partly administered by the Tokugawa shogunate. The Northern Studies Collection of the Hokkaido University Library is based on written sources that were collected and copied nationwide for the compilation of an official history of Hokkaido under the auspices of the island’s governorship in the 1910s–1930s. During the preparation of the catalog in the 1970s and 1980s, the collection was also enriched with copies of many sources from other collections in Japan. Thus, the Northern Studies Collection can be used to reconstruct a map of all the centers for storing sources on the history of the region in Japan. As this extensive collection is closely related to the history of the Northern Studies Collection Department and its predecessor, the Northern Cultures Research Department of the Hokkaido University, the history of these two branches is also traced in the article.