Статьи

This publication invites discussion on the issue of probation upon hiring as an institution in need of transformation, in the author’s opinion. The goal of probation should be specified, since it can be established either to test the fitness of an employee for the job assigned, or for the employee to decide whether the offered job is suitable for them. Also, it is necessary to resolve the issue of the exact rationale and the moment in time the labor relations with an employee should be terminated during probation in case they do not succeed. The author suggests introducing a new special rationale - termination of a labor contract at the end of the employee’s probation without further employment of the worker at this employer’s based on a wrongdoing by the employee during probation or in case the employer discovers that the worker’s professional aptitude does meet the employer’s requirements. These amendments to the legislation can allow identifying fault-based (disciplinary) grounds for the labor contract termination among all the cases when the worker was considered to have failed the probation upon hiring, as well as to link them directly to the institution of labor discipline. It is no secret that in practice, multiple issues regarding the interaction between the regulatory provisions on probation outcomes and the regulatory provisions on disciplinary responsibility of workers arise: these problems should be resolved, since the court practice examples provided by the author often show diametrically opposed conclusions made by the courts based on their interpretation of statutory regulations. Also, the paper invites discussion on the renunciation of possible replacing probation by a fixed-term temporary labor contract and establishing a probation model for the change in employment functions (transfer to a new job).

In India, as in many countries, railways originated as industrial gauge tracks for the transportation of ore, timber, stone, and other building materials. These were the fi rst industrial railways in India to deliver supplies to construction sites, in particular, Chintadripet in Madras (1835), Red Hill Railroad line (1837), Godavari Dam Construction Railway (1845), and others. Initially, the promoters of the construction of railways, based on the general social and economic situation in the country, did not count on the development of passenger traffi c, taking into account the virtually impoverished situation of the vast majority of the population. Efforts were focused on freight transportation. The colonialists proceeded from the need to develop railways as an important exploitation tool for exporting the country’s natural resources to the parent country and to the world market. Throughout almost the entire period of British colonial rule, passenger transportation was intended for a narrow stratum of colonizers and a few of the richest representatives of the country’s indigenous population. By the 1860s, there was a system of dividing passenger traffi c on the railways of India into four classes. Saloon coaches were used to serve the ruling elite. The difference in travel conditions in luxury saloon coaches and fi rst-class compartment carriages in comparison with third- and fourth-class carriages was huge. It refl ected the social class structure of Indian society. At the same time, railway passenger transportation did not affect the interests of the majority of the population at all, as with their level of wealth they could not afford to travel by rail at all, remaining outside the line of progress in transport of the 19th century.

This article examines the current metrics and future prospects for the development of transportation and logistics routes connecting BRICS member countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Iran). It analyses railway transport indicators, the dynamics and structure of mutual trade, as well as the main destinations of Russian exports. A special focus is placed on infrastructure projects and trends in multimodal transportation. The study highlights the signifi cance of investment in infrastructure and the optimization of logistics processes, emphasizing the potential for enhanced economic cooperation among BRICS members.

В работе предлагается ввести новое пространство цветовых координат proLab, связанное с CIE XYZ трехмерным проективным преобразованием. В статье показывается, что по психофизической равномерности, оцениваемой при помощи метрики STRESS по отношению к формуле цветовых различий CIEDE2000, предлагаемое пространство значительно опережает широко используемую систему координат CIELAB, хотя и уступает современной CAM16-UCS. Угловые метрики ошибок определения цветности, обычно используемые в линейных цветовых пространствах, могут использоваться и в proLab, поскольку проективное преобразование сохраняет линейность многообразий. При этом, в отличие от линейных пространств, угловые ошибки, различные по цветовому тону, в proLab нормированы в соответствии с порогами цветоразличения человека. В работе также показывается, что гетероскедастичность дробового шума в proLab оказывается меньшей, чем в CAM16-UCS и стандартных цветовых пространствах. Это делает proLab удобной координатной системой для линейного цветового анализа – решения задач линейной регрессии в цветовом пространстве.

This research is devoted to the prospects for the development of international transport corridors (ITC) through the prism of the dynamics of market forces in the transport industry and world trade.

International logistics is currently undergoing a global transformation, and therefore the effective use by Russia of its transport potential is still the most urgent and practical task. In this regard, this research is focused on internal and external factors that infl uence the realization of this potential.

The research presents the factors that contributed in retrospect for more than 10 years to the dynamic development of freight transportation through the ITC “East – West”. Additionally, the impact of exogenous factors such as epidemiological restrictions on a global scale and economic sanctions against Russia on the logistics of container transportation in recent years is considered in more detail.

On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the development of cargo transportation through the ITC “East – West” generalized conditions are formulated that allow to assess the potential for the development of transport cargo fl ows on other key ITC. An analysis of the current dynamics and problems of the development of transportation along the corridors East – West, Northern Sea Route and North-South is carried out. Further prospects for their increase from the point of view of transport marketing is provided.

Among the conclusions, the importance of developing and expanding the infrastructure of the ITC “East – West”, as well as proposals for the intensifi cation of cargo transportation through other ITC, is highlighted.

The implementation of unmanned train control systems offers a number of advantages, such as increasing the capacity of railway lines and traffi c volumes, reducing the ‘human factor’, as well as reducing operatingcosts. The paper considers the challenges arising from the use of automatic train control systems, and presents the prospects for the implementation of automatic technologies in railway transport for various railway systems. The social and economic aspects of changing professional activities in railway transport are described. Grades of automation applicable to surface urban railway transport are presented. The issues of proving the functional safety of machine vision systems as part of the train traffi c control system and determining their level of safety completeness are discussed. Examples of railway transport automation in Russia and other countries are given. Basic scenarios of automatic control system operation describing normal and abnormal situations are formulated. In conclusion, the levels of technological readiness of the reviewed solutions in the fi eld of train traffi c automation are defi ned. The tasks faced by railway companies in implementing these technologies are outlined, and possible ways of overcoming obstacles to the introduction of automatic systems are proposed, taking into account the current political situation.

This paper examines the conditions of foreign trade of the Central Asian countries and their impact on economic growth. Currently, the transport corridors of Central Asia are at the peak of their demand. The current positive changes and achievements of the region are considered. Attention is drawn to the geopolitical trends that create conditions for the development of alternative transport corridors and infrastructure projects. Special attention is paid to improving transport connectivity. It is proposed to develop transit and transport potential and increase the production of fi nished products. The comprehensive analysis carried out in this work allows us to take a broader look at the potential of the region and propose measures for its full development. Due to the growing role of Central Asia in the international arena, this paper also examines the impact of foreign policy on the development of the region’s economy. The strategic location of Central Asia between China, Russia, Iran and other countries makes the region an important partner in international trade and transport links. The paper analyses the current positive developments in the region, such as the creation of new transport corridors, the development of logistics infrastructure and the strengthening of trade relations with other countries. Special attention is paid to projects for the development of regional integration and economic unions, which contribute to improving competitiveness and economic stability in Central Asia.

Pulsatilla magadanensis (Ranunculaceae) - уникальный вид, эндемик с очень ограниченным ареаломв пределах Магаданской области. По современным молекулярно-филогенетическим данным P. magadanensis отнесен к подроду Preonanthus с возможным близким родством с высокогорными реликтами рода, такими, какP. alpina и P. aurea, и является одним из базальных представителей рода Pulsatilla. Кратко охарактеризованы морфология, распространение, экология, сезонный ритм, семенная продуктивность, особенности прорастания семян и филогенетическое положение. От большинства других представителей рода P. magadanensis отличаетсятем, что имеет пять листочков околоцветника и пурпурные тычиночные нити. Размножается генеративно, семенная продуктивность невысокая и существенно различается в разные годы. Всхожесть семян, как правило,низкая, они теряют жизнеспособность в течение 2-3 лет. Большая часть ареала P. magadanensis расположена насеверном побережье Охотского моря, в окрестностях г. Магадана, ее площадь составляет около 50 км2. Известно одно точечное местонахождение вида на отрогах хр. Анначаг в 250 км к северу от г. Магадана. Вид занесен вКрасные книги Магаданской области и России, он требует также включения в Список МСОП с категорией VU(критерий: D2). Не охраняется ни на одной ООПТ в Магаданской области, рекомендуется объявить классическоеместонахождение P. magadanensis памятником природы.

HPC systems are complex in architecture and contain millions of components. To ensure reliable operation and efficient output, functioning of most subsystems should be supervised. This is done on the basis of collected data from various logging and monitoring systems. This means that different data sources are used, and accordingly, data analysis can face multiple issues processing this data. Some of the data subsets can be incorrect due to the malfunctioning of used sensors, monitoring system data aggregation errors, etc. This is why it is crucial to preprocess such monitoring data before analyzing it, taking into the consideration the analysis goals. The aim of this paper is, being based on the MSU HPC Center monitoring data, to propose an approach to data preprocessing of HPC monitoring systems, giving some real life examples of issues that may be faced, and recommendations for further analysis of similar datasets.

Dans l’article préférence pour l’axe Kinshasa-Moscou

Koyraboro Senni (KS), a Malian language of Songhay family, has a system of TAM markers that distinguish two aspectual categories – the perfective and the imperfective and three series – the “weak” series used in neutral declarative clauses and clauses with a non-subject focus, the subject-focus series, and the “strong” series, which is used for predicate-centered focus. The paper studies the use of the strong in-focus forms in a corpus of narrative texts and shows that the strong perfectives in most cases are used to describe real events, while strong imperfectives are irrealis-oriented. Contrary to implications of our current knowledge of polyfunctionality of in-focus forms the strong imperfective is not used for present progressive and is relatively frequent in narrative texts. I also argue that while the perfective part of the system is better understood as the result of development of typical intrinsically-focused reading – the perfect, its imperfective part is better explained in line with Tatevosov’s (2005) proposal of direct development of the habitual to the prospective.

The current hottest issue in Indonesia is the small amount of Land and Building Tax (LBT) revenue at the national and local levels. This research aims to find a valuable model for increasing LBT revenue for the government by formulating ideal clauses and determining what policies should be implemented. This research aims to reveal the practice of tax avoidance and evasion on LBT tax objects, which causes LBT income to stagnate yearly, and find a solution by mapping actual conditions and forecasting the next ten years using a system dynamics model. The research question is why LBT makes a small contribution to total state revenue, even though the object and what are the solutions to increase LBT income in the future. The research methodology uses quantitative methods supported by qualitative analysis using dynamical system modeling. This modeling makes it possible to predict increases in tax revenues by considering several variables that cause LBT revenues to stagnate. The findings of this study show that LBT revenues will proliferate compared to revenues in the initial year of the simulation if intervention is carried out by reducing tax avoidance and tax evasion, increasing tax compliance, and the value of the income growth ratio per tax object. This study found nine actors essential in increasing property taxes in Indonesia: civil officials, tax officials, tax authorities, notaries, large companies, state and regional-owned enterprises, sellers, and buyers of property. In conclusion, the government needs to improve the tax collection system and implement various strategies, including increasing the role of notaries to prevent tax evasion in housing.