SCI Библиотека

A simple explanation of the most mysterious classical mechanics and theoretical physics concepts - inertial and non-inertial reference systems, the forces of inertia, the motion of bodies by inertia on the basis of a simple vortex model of solids and D’Alembert’s paradox, as well as on the equilibrium conditions of incompressible fluid and the principle of attached masses for potential flows are proposed. A new interpretation of Newton’s three laws is presented on the basis of the resulting model.

We propose a structural scheme for the origin and unfolding of the large solar cycle as a group of physical phenomena that are registered on the surface of the Sun and include the so-called 11-year and 27-day (Carringtonian) cycles of solar activity. The model considerations are quite general because they exclude the specifics of natural systems; physical laws are not used; only the structural aspect is studied. The basis for consideration is the protostructure, i.e. according to the conception, a primary system of relations, which is considered on the numerical axis. The system is represented as a network consisting of nodes, or allowed states, and links, i.e. rules responsible for stability, both of which are set by the protostructure. An order parameter, n, or hierarchically the most significant characteristic of the system, is formed on the basis of two additional relative characteristics. The order parameter and shifts of its positions relative to the initial positions are the basis for the analysis of structural events.
The protostructure has previously been used to analyze the structure of the solar system in the ecliptic plane, where the role of the order parameter, n, is played by the relative angular momentum. In particular, the stages of the Sun’s burning from initial mass to the currently known mass, as well as the relationship of mass with the minimum radius of the Sun and the eccentricity of the Earth’s orbit have been investigated. The nodal complex responsible for the formation of the observed characteristics of the great solar cycle, Halley’s Comet, the asteroid belt, and the Chiron body was also identified. The analyses of already available model constructions, as well as the involvement of several hypotheses allow us to combine these results and present a set of structural scenarios describing the emergence and unfolding of the great solar cycle from its formation to the present. At present, the observed solar radius is 4.649*10-3a.u. When the model solar radius changes within the range of (4

The author has extended possibilities of axiomatic method for writing deductive theories in biology and anthropology and their parallel systematization by creating an algorithm consisting of 32 rules. The algorithm is based on the hypothesis that all words are deductible from each other and on the hypothesis that the properties of the living beings are periodically repeatable when they are arranged in a row. The hypotheses made it possible to find two periodic systems similar to D.I. Mendeleev’s system. These systems help to determine the order of axioms in a row of theories. The algorithm is supplemented by links of axioms that are similar in the non-living, living, and intelligent worlds with notions of symmetry. The work can raise the axiomatic method to a new level also in the area on unification of knowledge.

Non-physical approaches to the definition of the nature of “dark energy” and “dark matter” are discussed due to the fact that the physical nature of these phenomena has not yet been defined. The possibility of considering information on a par with matter and energy is shown. This possibility is substantiated by the results of psychological research within the framework of integral information theory, the results of physical research within the framework of self-simulation hypothesis and Vopson’s principle of mass-energy-information equivalence, as well as by the results of system research by means of systems-objects approach. The systemic nature of Universum is investigated. Its informational structure in the form of a systems-classes (conceptual systems) hierarchy determining the systems-events (material systems) properties providing real interactions is substantiated by means of the systems-objects approach. The similarity between the systems-classes hierarchy of Universe and the hierarchy of concepts in the human mind on the level of verbal-logical thinking is confirmed. The presented results support the well-known formulation of the strong anthropic principle. The connection between the systems-classes hierarchy properties and the known “dark energy” and “dark matter” properties is shown.

Throughout the course of whole history, states have been and still are governed by traditions, party programs, and intuitive ideas. But now states life has become so complex, contradictory, and “dynamic” that even the most talented leaders, along with the elite, do not prevent turmoil and bloodshed. This situation is deteriorating beneath our eyes. The transition to scientific-based governance is vital. This paper presents the scientific and methodological support for governance of states. Scientific support includes the overall structure, model, identification, justification, and analysis of decisions, as well as the synthesis of state governance, taking into account traditions, programs, plans, commitments, and other constraints. Governance is implemented by technology operating in a continuous cycle of adaptation to internal and external changes in real time and is ahead of real time. For a particular state (as well as a large administrative entity, firm, etc.) the proposed scientific and methodological support is a reference point that determines the structure, basic parameters and technology of governance. As a result, the ranking of goals, maximization of socio-economic success, and humane resolution of inherent internal and external conflicts on this basis are achieved.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of models of a complex system of mankind. The opportunities for the actions of people and humanity are included in the model of the system. Social structures as well as the impact of humanity on the environment are excluded from the model. A small quantitative model of mankind’s system has been previously presented in my papers. The elements of small and big models are resources or resource groups. By resources, we mean tools, things, qualities, and methods that can be used to achieve human goals.
This article introduces a set of regional models in addition to small model of the humankind system.
It is shown that the proposed regional models are the models of complex systems. The characteristics of these models are considered.
This article has an interdisciplinary nature. It addresses the issues of complex systems and the history of mankind.

Abstract. The necessity and possibility to construct a holistic world picture in the conditions of on-going differentiation and specialization of modern science significantly inferior to the concomitant integration process is shown. The construction of a unified world picture is done with the help of the system-structural methodology, the main method of which is the levels of structural organization of matter providing a sequential transition as a chain from one level to another from elementary particles to the maximum space objects, including biological and social systems and back providing a law-governed sequence of transitions through the levels of structural matter organization. All this is useful for any scientific research at the initial and final stage, as well as, in an educational system.

In the paper, flows of an inhomogeneous medium consisting of gas and dispersed inclusions are simulated. The research objective is aerosols, i.e. solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in gas. The mathematical model of the complex medium flow consists of the dynamics equations for the carrier component, i.e. gas, and the dynamics equations for the dispersed component. The system of equations describing the motion of each mixture component includes continuity equations of mass, momentum and energy. The continuity of momentum for the carrier phase is described by the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation. The interphase interaction was defined by relations known from the literature. The mixture dynamics was simulated in one-dimensional approximation. The mathematical model equations were integrated using an explicit finite-difference method. To suppress numerical oscillations, a nonlinear grid function correction scheme was applied to the obtained solution.

The three-dimensional representation of the solution for the ordinary differential equations system (ODE) describing convective flow is a Lorentz attractor. This system of equations is the basic deterministic system with which the development of chaos theory began. In order to derive the characteristics of this complex system, the development of a modern accessible and easy to use software product is necessary.
The aim of the work was to create a program for investigating the Lorentz attractor in Python using special command libraries. Particular attention is paid to ways of solving the system of ordinary differential equations by different numerical methods and to the clarity of the presented results.
The code blocks of the developed software are described; it is used to calculate the Lorentz attractor by varying the numerical methods for solving the ordinary differential equations and system parameters. Conclusions are drawn from the results of the calculation.

The paper еtheorizes the relationship between a redshift in the electromagnetic spectrum of space objects and their gravity and demonstrates it with computational experiments. Redshift, in this case, is a consequence of deceleration of the photons emitted from the surface of objects, which is caused by the gravity of these objects. The photon speed reduction due to the attraction of space gravitating object (GO) is defined as ΔC = C-C ‘, where C’ is a photon speed changed by the time the receiver records it. Then, at photon speed variation between a stationary source and a receiver, the redshift factor is determined as Z = (C-C ‘)/C’. Computational experiments have determined the gravitational redshift of the Earth, the Sun, a neutron star, and a quasar. The graph of the relationship between the redshift and the ratio of sizes to the mass of any space GOs washas been obtained. The findings indicate that the distance to space objects does not depend on the redshift of these objects.